From NASA to Your Bathroom: The Science Behind Hydroxyapatite in Silly Sarah

You might be surprised to learn that hydroxyapatite was first developed by NASA! In the early days of space exploration, astronauts experienced bone and tooth mineral loss due to the absence of gravity. They also faced the challenge of not being able to use fluoride toothpaste, as they were unable to spit or rinse in zero gravity. To combat this, NASA invented an edible toothpaste using hydroxyapatite. This mineral makes up 97% of our tooth enamel and 70% of our bones, meaning it is biocompatible and safe to swallow!

How Does Hydroxyapatite Work in Dental Care?

Hydroxyapatite has several remarkable properties that make it an excellent ingredient for oral care:

1. Remineralisation

Hydroxyapatite has the ability to remineralise enamel, replacing the minerals lost due to acidic foods, sugary drinks, and plaque. When tooth enamel begins to erode, hydroxyapatite particles bind to the tooth surface, replenishing lost minerals and reinforcing the enamel. This process helps reverse early signs of tooth decay, making it a crucial part of cavity prevention.

2. Tooth Protection

Because hydroxyapatite is so similar to natural tooth enamel, it strengthens and protects teeth by forming a protective layer over the enamel. This helps prevent further damage from acids in the mouth and reduces sensitivity, which can occur when enamel is worn down.

3. Enamel Repair

One of the most fascinating features of hydroxyapatite is its ability to repair small microcracks in the enamel. Over time, teeth can develop tiny cracks and imperfections due to regular wear, grinding, or acidic exposure. Hydroxyapatite fills in these micro-defects, smoothing out the enamel and restoring its protective barrier, making teeth more resistant to future damage.

4. Biocompatibility and Safety

Unlike fluoride, which works by preventing the breakdown of enamel and must be used in controlled amounts, hydroxyapatite is completely biocompatible with the human body. This means it does not pose a risk of toxicity or overexposure, making it a safer option, especially for children.

5. Anti-Bacterial Properties

Recent research has shown that hydroxyapatite can help reduce the growth of harmful bacteria in the mouth. It creates an environment that helps prevent the formation of plaque, the sticky film that can lead to cavities and gum disease.

Why Hydroxyapatite Over Fluoride?

While fluoride has been a standard in dental care for decades, concerns remain regarding its potential effects. Defects in the enamel, known as dental fluorosis, are particularly common in children who receive excessive fluoride. Ingesting too much fluoride from toothpaste can also cause digestive issues.

Hydroxyapatite offers remineralisation and enamel repair benefits comparable to fluoride but without the risk of overexposure or ingestion concerns.